Analysis Of Come Let Us Kiss And Part - 875 Words

Breakups can be rough. Everyone has gone through the heartbreaking fact that the love that was once between them and a lover may not be there anymore. Many songs and poems describe breakups perfectly, but the song and poem I used in this paper seems to hit the nail on the head. These to works are similar in ways, yet different as well. These works seem to match up yet also contradict each other in ways, not to mention that they are Michael Drayton wrote â€Å"Come Let Us Kiss and Part† as a Sonnet, which is made up of fourteen lines of poetry. He utilized an alternating rhyme scheme, which is shown as abab cdcd. The poem includes three quatrains and one couplet. This is associated as a Shakespearean sonnet. The quatrains all have full rhyme, and in the couplet at the end of the poem, he uses an eye rhyme in the following line: â€Å"Now if thou wouldst, when all have given him over, From death to life thou mightst him yet recover.† The song â€Å"Many Shades of Black† by The Raconteurs includes only three quatrains, and uses an alternating rhyme scheme in the first two quatrains while the chorus utilizes a full rhyme scheme. The theme of the poem and song help create the mood of it by showing that breaking up with someone can be a horrible experience depending on the circumstances. Michael Drayton’s poem shows that the character knows it’s over, but somewhat glad to be rid of it, and in The Raconteur’s song the man is just as ready to be done with the relationship as much as the woman.Show MoreRelated Mystery Comparison Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pages Mystery Comparison In the mystery stories The Murder at the Rue Morgue by Edgar Allen Poe and Kiss the Girls by James Patterson, there are differences in the storyline and style of presentation. Dealing with the plots and the way in which that the crimes are committed, are very contrasted in each book. When looking at the subject matter, the stories also differ in the manner that they are laid out, dealing with flashbacks and the order of events. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;InRead MoreThe Stages Of Relational Development962 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationships begin and grow, as well as how they deteriorate and end. This model defines ten separate stages of relational development under three different interrelating categories; Coming Together, Relational Maintenance, and Coming Apart. An analysis of a personal relationship through the use of Knapp’s stages of relational development leads to a better understanding of that relationship and our role within it. In this essay I will be analyzing a personal relationship of my own using Knapp’sRead MoreKing Lear Important Quotes and Summaries1723 Words   |  7 PagesACT I Act I, sc. i: quote: â€Å"Fairest Cordelia, that art most rich, being poor; Most choice, forsaken; and most loved, despised!† speaker: King of France to Cordelia analysis: King Lear has disowned his youngest daughter because she did not express in words how much she loved him. When Burgundy and the King of France come to claim her as their love, Lear tells the she is worthless, and ask if they still would want her, Burgundy doesnt but the King of France does. Act I, sc. ii: quote:Read MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1378 Words   |  6 PagesOut of all the theories that we have learned in class the one theory, I think that connects to us as humans the most would be theory 3: Psychoanalysis. I found this theory very interesting. Sigmund Freud started the study of psychoanalysis, stating that talking about how you feel is true psychoanalysis, also known as talk therapy. Back in the 1800’s, this was known as â€Å"cleaning the chimney† or â€Å"chimney sweeping†. Freud said there are three levels of the psyche, and when remembering them think ofRead MoreEssay Porphyria’s Lover and The Laboratory1505 Words   |  7 PagesPorphyria’s Lover and The Laboratory â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† and â€Å"The Laboratory† both deal with crimes of passion. Explore ways Browning explains ways of obsessive nature of his character and analysis the effects of literary techniques. â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† is a poem about a crime and passion. Porphyria is a young, wealthy girl who seems to have abandoned her family’s tradition of choosing wealthy men as lovers. Her lover remains anonymous, this could be because he has murdered her and doesRead More A Psychoanalytic Analysis of Pretty Woman Essays1112 Words   |  5 PagesA Psychoanalytic Analysis of Pretty Woman In the introduction to his book, The Sublime Object of Ideology, Slavoj Zizek acquaints readers with his book’s tripartite aim. He plans, among other things, to illustrate concepts fundamental to Lacanian psychoanalysis – an intention which will serve to further his more ambitious goal â€Å"to reactualize Hegelian dialectics by giving it a new reading† in the light of Lacanian psychoanalysis – and â€Å"to contribute to the theory of ideology via a new readingRead MoreThe 2012 Film The Perks of Being a Wallflower1233 Words   |  5 PagesCharlie, â€Å"You see things and you understand. You’re a wallflower.† Sam then says to Charlie, â€Å"Welcome to the island of misfit toys.† Metaphorically and genuinely, Sam and Patrick welcomed Charlie has part of their group. Charlie adapted to their culture by partying, doing drugs, and attending and also taking part of Rocky Horror Picture shows. Charlie experiences a lot more to life that c ontributes to his maturity. The group’s common norm is that being different is okay and loyalty among friends is crucialRead MoreLove Conquers All Trap in the film, The Wrestler1624 Words   |  6 Pagesthis master narrative of the domestic is pervasive. This can be seen in any Disney movie. Portrayals of conventional forms of love and family are extensive throughout these movies. Author and creative writing professor Dr. Naomi wood writes in her analysis of domesticity in Walt Disney’s Cinderella, â€Å"The Cinderella dreams of Disney are domestic dreams that assimilate the ideological structures that surround the movie. Rather than challenging the status quo, the dreams in this movie replicate it, fittingRead MoreSymbolism in Kiss of the Spiderwoman and No One Writes to the Colonel1858 Words   |  8 PagesAn Analysis of Symbolism In Kiss of the Spiderwoman And No One Writes to the Colonel Lara Blacklock English AI Colegio Internacional de Caracas â€Å"It’s a sin to take the food out of our mouths to give it to a rooster† (Garcia Marquez 31). This essay portrays the different types of symbolism throughout the novels Kiss of the Spiderwoman by Manuel Puig and No One Writes to the Colonel by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. The fighting cock is the dominant symbol in the former, representing bothRead More My Hardest English Teacher Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesKster. She was a fairly short, roly-poly woman - the kind that are supposed to be so nice and call you sweetie and dear. But she didnt. She wasnt mean, but she didnt take excuses, and that was made very clear to us early on. If we didnt work in her Honors AP class, we could kiss our seat goodbye. According to her, there was a list of people just waiting to get into the class. The Kster always carried around a water bottle. Every time she spoke, she would get two words out, and then start to

Medical Ethics Free Essays

Medical ethics is of paramount importance for a physician because he is dealing with something as delicate as human life. Medical profession, therefore, presupposes on the part of a doctor a code of conduct to which he has to adhere personally and professionally. A doctor has to bear in mind constantly and scrupulously that he is not in the rat race of minting money but he is an inseparable part of a noble occupation where considerations of kindness and compassion takes precedence over callousness and casualness because a doctor is wielding his blade to cure not to kill. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now DEFINITION: Medical ethics is the set of rules for evaluating the merits, demerits as well as hazards, and social concerns regarding activities in the field of medical practice. INTRODUCTION: Medical ethics has many things in common with the ethics in other branches of medical science like nursing and healthcare. Ethical thinkers have advocated many reliable methods useful in evaluating the ethics of a particular situation. These methods put forward forward certain principles which medical practitioners should consider while making a medical decision. Six General principles of medical ethics are as under: Six General Principles of Medical Ethics: 1 A physician shall devote himself to the task of providing competent medical treatment and care, with kindness and respect and shall hold in high esteem human dignity and rights. 2 A physician shall safeguard the standard of professionalism, be honest and above reproach in his interactions, and strive to expose physicians who are deficient in their character or competence, or are engaging in fraudulent practice or deception. A physician shall continue to acquire, apply, and further scientific knowledge, shall be committed to medical education, He shall be making relevant information available to his patients, his colleagues, and the public, shall consult, and use the talent of other health experts when required. 4 A physician shall not shirk from the responsibility of participating in activities which improve the community and contribute towards betterment of public health. 5 A physician shall, at the time caring a patient, consider his responsibility to the patient of paramount importance. A physician shall make medical care accessible to all people Four core principles of medical ethics are as under: 1 Immoral Beneficence: Ethical Principle of immoral beneficence categorically states that the physician should not allow a conflict-of-interest to influence medical judgment. For instance, doctors who get income from referring patients to patologists/pathological laboratories medical tests have been shown to refer more and more patients for medical tests not for diagnostic purpose but for getting commission from pathologists. This practice is prohibited by the Ethics Manual Of American College of Physicians with a view to preventing a doctor forming an unholy nexus with a pathologist. 2 Killing a patient or committing Abortion: According to Hippocrates oath a doctor will follow a system,according to his ability and judgement which he considers good for his patient and he will abstain from harmful and mischievous practice. He will not give to a woman any medicine to produce abortion . He will not give deadly medicine to anyone even if asked . A doctor will pass his life with purity and holiness and practice his art honestly. 3 Prohibition of Sexual relationships with the Patient : Medical ethics proscribes sexual relationship between a doctor and a patient. Doctors who break this rule are made to face deregistration and prosecution. 4 Not to Treat family members: According to this principle of medical ethics It is considered inappropriate for a doctor to treat members of his own family (parents , children, partners etc. ) The reason behind this is that the patient may not to be open and honest regarding his condition, because of the family relationship, and that the family relationship may even be used to compel the patient in to agree to treatment he might otherwise have not, thus treating patient of ones own family amounts to interference with patient’s autonomy. Secondly, however, a patient with a doctor in his family may prefer to seek treatment from him , due to the greater trust he has in him, the greater convenience he represents but it is not good because in certain cases family relation is used to exert pressure or used for manipulating the physician into providing treatment he might otherwise see as inappropriate in the facts and cicumstances of the patient (e. g. anorexiants, drugs of addiction). How to cite Medical Ethics, Papers

Recent Market Policies of Indonesian Government

Question: Describe recent market policies of Indonesian government. Answer: Economic: It can be seen that Indonesia is one of the leading developing country and the government has taken several effective steps to increase the GDP growth for the past few years. It has been observed that the Indonesian Government spends only 23.5% on their GDP and they have earned the revenue of $92.62 billion and their expenses are about $98.88 billion. Moreover, the country has gained special attention on FDI and has good FDI inflow with $67.3 billion. This statistics show the fact that Indonesia is consistently strengthening their economic sector and this is one of the major reasons for any of the foreign countries to invest in. Apart from that, it can be mentioned that the Indonesian Government has changed its import and export policies recently that is favorable enough for the foreign countries to export (Rosser, 2013). Political: It can be found that the political system of Indonesia is purely democratic and the president and the vice president of the country are elected through parliament. Therefore, the trade system of this country is fare enough and thus many foreign countries can easily export products in Indonesia maintaining proper governmental rules and regulations. However, it can be stated that the country is struggling hard to get the financial stability and thus has successfully introduced numerous reforms. These features attract the attention of the foreign companies and thus the country has been receiving enough FDI (Guesmi Teulon, 2014). Figure 1: PEST analysis Social: Population of Indonesia has been increasing steadily with 1.13% and thus the demands of several products are high enough in this country. However, market analysis says that the demands of the food products are high and thus it can be stated that the export condition of Australian mangoes in the Indonesian market is favorable (Hermes Lensink, 2013). It can be stated that Indonesia is the largest of the ASEAN economies with the impressive political and economic track over the last one decade and reports say that the economy of Indonesia is expected to grow 6% to 7% in 2015. The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade regulates the entire export and import activities in Indonesia and the rules and the regulations are favorable enough for Australia (Rifin, 2013). The agriculture minister of Indonesia has stated that he is encouraging new market of foods and beverages to deal with the excess supply after Indonesia slashed the import quota of Indonesia (Hermes Lensink, 2013). References Rosser, A. (2013).The politics of economic liberalization in Indonesia: state, market and power. Routledge. Guesmi, K., Teulon, F. (2014).Equity Market integration and Currency Risk: Empirical Evidence for Indonesia(No. 2014-096). Rifin, A. (2013). Competitiveness of Indonesia's Cocoa Beans Export in the World Market.International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance,4(5), 279. Hermes, N., Lensink, R. (2013).Financial development and economic growth: theory and experiences from developing countries. Routledge.

Preservation Hall Jazz Band free essay sample

The songs that I chose are off the Preservation Hall Jazz Band CD title Because of You. It was recorded in December 1995 at the Ultrasonic Studios in New Orleans. Sony released it under the Sony Classical Listening Station label in 1998. The songs that I will use for my discussion are: Can Depend on Me a tune written by Charles Carpenter, Louis Dunlap and Earl Hines. Mama Dont Allow It by Sammy Can and Charles Davenport. Petite Fleer by Sidney Becket. The first song You Can Depend on Me uses the smooth vocals of Marvin Kimball the banjo player of the band.It appears that the song uses a rhythm section comprised f the drums, upright bass and banjo using 4/4 rhythm with a steady medium tempo. The trumpet Is playing the melody and the clarinet playing a countermanded on the first chorus. When the vocals start, the Plano starts to play around the melody with what appears to be a muted clarinet possibly doing some call and response to the vocals. We will write a custom essay sample on Preservation Hall Jazz Band or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The next chorus gives rise to a solo by the trombone bending notes up and down. After the trombone solo, the trumpet solos with a bright flowering sound. The last chorus repeats the vocals.The music has a feeling of the early New Orleans Jazz n the sass. The next song Is Mama Dont Allow It with Wendell Brumes doing the vocals. The song Is a very light fast tempo, 2/4 rhythm song with solos of all the Instruments. The words to the song describe, Mama dont want no playing around here. The vocalist uses a call and response to prepare the instrument for a solo. After the word verse is over the instrument named plays a solo that has an improvisation feel. Each solo keeps the melody of the song, however, it includes embellishments and their own timbre.Again, the feeling of New Orleans Jazz comes o mind when listening to this piece. The last song used is Petite Fleer by Sidney Becket. The song employs Instruments only with a 4/4 rhythm by the drums and upright bass with a slow deliberate tempo and a feel of a slow tango. The clarinet plays a smooth mellow melody with the piano playing a counter melody and adding embellishments. Before the end of the chorus, the clarinet and piano end on an upbeat. Then, between choruses, a break is employed to build up tension, which is released by the clarinet In the next verse by bringing a downbeat.The tune has a eel of familiarity that I believe Is early Jazz, however It Is probably better placed as a paper shows the versatility of the band. Depending on your mood there is a song for that feeling. The upbeat song of Mama Dont Allow It, begs for a fun light-hearted atmosphere while hearing the solos of each instrument and how they contribute to the band as a whole. The steady and flowing muff Can Depend on Me, provides a great background for relaxing and enjoying smooth listening sounds. Both these songs reinforced many concepts learned in class as to the form and style of NewOrleans Jazz and even today sound fresh without compromising the traditional sound of early Jazz. The last song Petite Fleer, is a timeless classic that sounds refreshing and new even today. The tune conjures up images off small little nightclub of eloquence where couples went to drink and slow dance. I can recommend listening to the Preservation Hall Jazz Band if you are looking for early Jazz styles while using todays sophisticated recording techniques. A good sound system and this band playing on CD can bring back a feel of being there with the great performers of the early part of the century.

Definition of Principal Energy Level

Definition of Principal Energy Level In chemistry, the principal energy level of an electron refers to the shell or orbital in which the electron is located relative to the atoms nucleus. This level is denoted by the principal quantum number n. The first element in a period of the periodic table introduces a new principal energy level. Energy Levels and the Atomic Model The concept of energy levels is one part of the atomic model that is based on a mathematical analysis of atomic spectra. Each electron in an atom has an energy signature that is determined by its relationship with other negatively charged electrons in the atom and the positively charged atomic nucleus. An electron can change energy levels, but only by steps or quanta, not continuous increments. The energy of an energy level increases the further out from the nucleus it is. The lower the number of a principal energy level, the closer together the electrons are to each other and to the nucleus of the atom. During chemical reactions, its more difficult to remove an electron from a lower energy level than from a higher one. Rules of Principal Energy Levels A principal energy level may contain up to 2n2 electrons, with n being the number of each level. The first energy level can contain 2(1)2 or two electrons; the second can contain up to 2(2)2 or eight electrons; the third can contain up to 2(3)2 or 18 electrons, and so on. The first principal energy level has one sublevel that contains one orbital, called the s orbital. The s orbital can contain a maximum of two electrons. The next principal energy level contains one s orbital and three p orbitals. The set of three p orbitals can hold up to six electrons. Thus, the second principal energy level can hold up to eight electrons, two in the s orbital and six in the p orbital. The third principal energy level has one s orbital, three p orbitals, and five d orbitals, which can each hold up to 10 electrons. This allows for a maximum of 18 electrons. The fourth and higher levels have an f sublevel in addition to the s, p, and d orbitals.  The f sublevel contains seven f orbitals, which can each hold up to 14 electrons. The total number of electrons in the fourth principal energy level is 32. Electron Notation The notation used to indicate the type of energy level and the number of electrons in that level has a coefficient for the number of the principal energy level, a letter for the sublevel, and a superscript for the number of electrons located in that sublevel. For example,  the notation 4p3 indicates the fourth principal energy level, the p sublevel, and the presence of three electrons in the p sublevel. Writing out the number of electrons in all the energy levels and sublevels of an atom produces the electron configuration of the atom.

Combined Gas Law Definition and Examples

Combined Gas Law Definition and Examples The combined gas law combines the three gas laws: Boyles Law, Charles Law, and Gay-Lussacs Law. It states that the ratio of the product of pressure and volume and the absolute temperature of a gas is equal to a constant. When Avogadros law is added to the combined gas law, the ideal gas law results. Unlike the named gas laws, the combined gas law doesnt have an official discoverer. It is simply a combination of the other gas laws that works when everything except temperature, pressure, and volume are held constant. There are a couple of common equations for writing the combined gas law. The classic law relates Boyles law and Charles law to state: PV/T k where P pressure,  V volume,  T absolute temperature (Kelvin), and  k constant. The constant k is a true constant if the number of moles of the gas doesnt change.  Otherwise, it varies. Another common formula for the combined gas law relates before and after conditions of a gas: P1V1 / T1 P2V2 / T2 Example Find the volume of a gas at STP when 2.00 liters is collected at 745.0 mm Hg and 25.0 degrees Celsius. To solve the problem, you first need to identify which formula to use. In this case, the question asks about conditions at STP, so you know youre dealing with a before and after problem. Next, you need to understand  STP. If you havent memorized this already (and you probably should, since it appears a lot), STP refers to standard temperature and pressure, which is 273 Kelvin and 760.0 mm Hg. Because the law works using absolute temperature, you need to convert  25.0  degrees Celsius to the Kelvin scale. This gives you 298 Kelvin. At this point, you can plug the values into the formula and solve for the unknown. A common mistake some people make when theyre new to this kind of problem is confusing which numbers go together. Its good practice to identify the variables. In this problem they are: P1   745.0 mm HgV1   2.00 LT1   298 KP2   760.0 mm HgV2   x (the unknown youre solving for)T2   273 K Next, take the formula and set it up to solve for the unknown  x, which in this problem  is  V2: P1V1  / T1   P2V2  / T2 Cross-multiply to clear the fractions: P1V1T2   P2V2T1 Divide to isolate  V2: V2   (P1V1T2) / (P2T1) Plug in the numbers and solve for V2: V2  Ã‚  (745.0 mm Hg  · 2.00 L  · 273 K) / (760 mm Hg  · 298 K)V2 1.796 L Report the result using the correct number of significant figures: V2   1.80 L Applications The combined gas law has practical applications when dealing with gases at ordinary temperatures and pressures. Like other gas laws based on ideal behavior, it becomes less accurate at high temperatures and pressures. The law is used in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. For example, it can be used to calculate pressure, volume, or temperature for the gas in clouds to forecast weather.

Discuss why adopting a model of social pedagogy for work with children Essay

Discuss why adopting a model of social pedagogy for work with children young people and families may be beneficial. What barriers may there be for implementing this model in the UK - Essay Example The distinct divisions were evident at diverse levels whether conceptual, organizational, professional, and in relation to training and education. Nevertheless, the UK has witnessed significant changes in administrative reorganization of the responsibility for children’s services and a change in the manner in which individuals envision provision for both children and young people (Coussee et al. 2010, p.789). Social pedagogy delineates education in the expansive sense of the word or a perspective entailing social action that aims at facilitating human welfare via child-rearing and education practices; to safeguard or ease social problems by availing individuals with the capacity to cope with life, and effect changes within their circumstances. The fundamental notion of social pedagogy centres on facilitating social functioning, inclusion, involvement, social identity and competence as fully functional members of the society (Petrie et al. 2006, p.19). Social pedagogy in practice incorporates an all encompassing and personal approach to child care in all its facets that connects education and care, and support for families (Kyriacou 2009, p.101). In addition, social pedagogy avails a prospective approach to training at diverse levels that integrates education, psychology, and philosophy with the spheres of child care, family support, and the advancement of children’s rights. Social pedagogy can be viewed as an activity and a collection of ideas that, while mirroring the broader concerns for the welfare of children, is organic and adjustable to the attributes of the society, and mirrors humanistic values grounded in a representation of children as active agents in society (Smith 2012, p.46). As such, social pedagogy operates in â€Å"the here and now† and employs â€Å"the moment† as a launch pad for pedagogical practice. Social pedagogues have been implemented

Do countries that vote against the US trade less with the US Research Paper

Do countries that vote against the US trade less with the US - Research Paper Example The last report compiled in 2011 confirmed that these countries typically contradict US efforts at the UN. Trade relations between the US and countries, which continually oppose US initiatives at the UN, are significantly stringent. Some of the most affected countries by such stringent trade and economic relations with the US include Syria and Iran. Notably, countries, which vote against the US at the UN typically, trade less with the US. This paper will provide a succinct description of how countries that oppose the US at the UN have stringent trade relations with the US. Bilateral trade relations and tax treaties are established in order to assist countries enhance their foreign direct investment, as well as foreign affiliate activities through dual taxation relief. However, in order for countries to enjoy such benefits, they must have amiable relations, both politically and economically. These benefits are only part of the advantages enjoyed by countries having amiable political a nd economic relations that facilitate fluid trade transactions. ... As a world super power, the US relatively requires that countries support its proposals at the UN (Worlton, Reynolds, and Stinebower 215). Therefore, when countries vote against the US at the UN, the US pulls out or reduces its monetary support for such countries or reduces its trade with the nation, as well. Syria has presently voted against the US at least 67% of the time. This move has detrimentally affected Syria’s relations with the US, particularly with regard to the political and economic relations. As a consequence, trade between Syria and the US has suffered rather significantly. Prior to the 2001 September 11 terrorist attacks meted towards the US, Syria’s relations with the US were quite amiable. In fact, after the attacks, Syria provided intelligence to assist the US track Al Qaeda plans (Worlton, Reynolds, and Stinebower 219). However, Syria’s contradiction of the US efforts to initiate war against Iraq started the long progression of deteriorated re lations between Syria and the US. Another serious contention between the US and Syria emerged when the Syrian government refused to provide assistance to foreign fighters to make use of the Syrian borders to infiltrate Iraq (Elliott 58). The US is also concerned by Syria’s efforts to interfere in the affairs of Lebanon, Syria’s protection of the control of Palestinian rejectionist groups located in Damascus. Other issues of contention include Syria’s human rights record, as well as the countries pursuit of weapons of mass destruction (McLean and Whang 439). This last issue is one of the most critical areas of contention between the US and Syria, and remains a thorny issue at the UN. The US

Macroeconomics Of Japan Essay Example for Free

Macroeconomics Of Japan Essay Japan is the greatest economy in Asia, in terms of GDP, as well as human resources and technology. The nation was once predicted to be the next superpower nation exceeding the United Sates and countries of the European Union. Today, it is the world’s third-largest economy after the United States and People’s Republic of China. It is also the second-largest economy by real GDP and market exchange rates. The economy is highly efficient and competitive especially in the services industry, which is originated from a good cooperation between the government and the industry, a strong work ethic and the mastery of high technology. Recent analysis however, revealed that the economy is currently under serious problems. Observers and even Japan’s own officials have admitted that the economy is no longer ‘first class’. There are even worries that Japan has no longer sustain the capacity to be one of the world’s greatest economies anymore, and the economy will slowly degrade into one of the typical Asian economies. Analysts stated that such an occurrence has happened before, when Argentina which were once considered one of the strongest economies in the world degraded into typical third world economies today. Is this the case with Japan? In this paper I am discussing the problems that stayed within Japan’s economy and elaborating their probable causes. Afterwards, I will elaborate the macroeconomic policies which have been performed by the Japanese government in response to these issues and how these policies have affected the economy. The period of discussion is 1997 -2007, which are the years after the ‘Japan economic bubble’ bursts, to the present day. II. Japan Economic Issues 1997-2007 II. 1. Background of the Issues – Japan Economic Bubble Japanese growth rates have been nothing less than spectacular for decades. In the 60’s the average real economic growth rate was 10%, in the 70’s it was 5% and in the 80’s it was 4%. Japanese financial system however, was based on a bureaucratic fiat. The government believes that by injecting sufficient amount of capital into the market, the economy will experience a rapid rate of growth. Thus, the financial system was set to inject cheap capital into the business sector (Hamada, 2004). In support of this policy, banks even reluctant to report –in bad loans. In short, companies were encouraged to borrow and expand continuously. Companies would then borrow using assets like land and then invest the money into the stock market. After the market rises, the company would have latent profits which will be used to buy more land and therefore, the cycle continues. These cycles were the origins of the huge real estate and stock market bubbles. These bubbles however, cannot be sustained forever, and when the Bank of Japan (BOJ) raised interests rates, the bubble bursts in 1989 and leaving commercial banks in Japan with a mountain of bad loans. II. 2. Stagnant Economic Growth Afterwards, assets prices began to decline rapidly. Japan’s economy was going through a long period of deflation since then, partly caused by the appreciation of yen. Because of this appreciation, the CPI increase rate dropped into negative in 1995. The expanding deflation caused Japan’s economy to remain in a static condition. Moreover, the deepening deflation was accompanied with weakening state of real economy like growth rates declines and increased unemployment rates. Between 1992 and 1994, real growth rates are below 1%. It even dropped toward a negative range in 1998. Jobless rate have also suffered a rise of 3. 4 % from 2 % in 1990 to 5. 4% in 2003. The economic downsizing in 1997 put Japanese economy into a new state of deflation (Oliver, 2002). II. 3. Deflationary Trap It was not considered serious until the inflation rate slipped to below zero in 1997. In this phase, observers believed that Japan was in a ‘deflationary trap’. However, because of various long-term considerations, the government has implemented policies to maintain inflation stable near the zero mark. In this situation however, the central bank cannot use its traditional instruments to deal with the issue. As a result, deflation deepens even further and the market intensified expectations toward further and longer period of deflation. Due to the increase in real rate of interest, consumer spending and corporate investments were discouraged. Unfortunately, the shrinking total demand in the macro economy further worsen the deflation. If not dealt with accordingly, this could lead into self-sustaining deflationary process (Campbell, 1992).

Lucid Dreaming :: essays research papers

Lucid Dreaming Dreams are the playground of the mind. Anything can happen when one is dreaming. The only limitation is that we only rarely realize the freedoms granted to us in our dreams while we have them. Lucid dreaming is the ability to know when one is dreaming, and be able to influence what will be dreamt. A normal dream is much like passively watching a movie take place in your skull. In a lucid dream, the dreamer is the writer, director, and star of the movie. Lucid dreams are exceptionally interesting. Lucid dreaming is defined as dreaming when the dreamer knows that they are dreaming. The term was coined during the 1910Õs by Frederik van Eeden who used the word "lucid" in the sense of mental clarity (Green, 1968). Lucidity usually begins in the midst of a dream, when the dreamer realizes that the experience is not occurring in physical reality, but is a dream. Often this realization is triggered by the dreamer noticing some impossible or unlikely occurrence in the dream, such as meeting a person who is dead, or flying with or without wings. Sometimes people become lucid without noticing any particular clue in the dream; they just suddenly realize that they are in a dream. A minority of lucid dreams (about 10 percent) are the result of returning to REM sleep directly from an awakening with unbroken reflective consciousness (LaBerge, 1985). These types of lucid dreams occur most often during daytime napping. If the napper has been REM deprived from a previous night of little sleep their chances of having a REM period at sleep onset are increased. If the napper is able to continue his or her train of thought up to the point of sleep, a lucid dream may develop due to an immediate REM period. The basic definition of lucid dreaming requires nothing more than the dreamer becoming aware that they are dreaming. However, the quality of lucidity varies greatly. When lucidity is at a high level, the dreamer is aware that everything experienced in the dream is occurring in their mind, that there is no real danger, and that they are asleep in bed and will awaken eventually. With low-level lucidity they may be aware to a certain extent that they are dreaming, perhaps enough to fly, or alter what they are doing, but not enough to realize that the people in the dream are just figments of their imagination. They are also unaware that they can suffer no physical damage while in the dream or that they are actually in bed.

Criminology Theory †Rational Choice Theory Essay

Rational choice theory was inspired in the 1700’s by a man name Cesare Beccaria, whose utilitarian views and ideas were accepted throughout Europe and the United States. This theory is also known as rational action theory meaning the framework for understanding and often formally modeling social and economic behavior. It is the dominant theoretical paradigm in microeconomics. It is also the central to modern political science and is used by scholars in other disciplines such as sociology and philosophy. Rational Choice Theory is used by social scientists to understand human behavior. This theory is the belief that man is a reasoning actor who weighs means and ends, costs and benefits, and makes a rational choice. Beccaria’s helped to eliminate cruel and unusual punishment in the nineteenth century, which at the time was very common, and formed the basis for the classical theory of crime, a school of thought that influenced the French Revolution and the establishment of the Eighth Amendment in the United States Constitution. Beccaria believed that people choose to engage in all behavior, criminal and non-criminal, and without the fear and certainty of severe punishment for criminal offenses. People will continue to choose to commit those crimes. Beccaria believed that all individuals possess free will. People use free will to make rational decisions, such as whether or not the personal benefits are worth the risk of violating the law by committing a crime. It is by free will that people are able to follow through with those â€Å"rational† decisions. To Beccaria, punishment should address prevention rather than revenge. He believed that the only way to deter criminals from continuing to commit more serious offenses is to ensure that the punishment is well suited for the crime. He believed the punishment should only be severe enough to outweigh the personal benefits gained from committing the crime. A British philosopher named Jeremy Bentham elaborated on Beccaria’s views and proposed the id ea that people choose their actions by whether or not they produce happiness and avoided  unpleasant conditions. With this theory laws were created to keep the community happy and punishment is only justified if it is used as a method of prevention. The popularity of the classical theory peaked in the 1800s but began to decline and was eventually neglected altogether by the majority of criminologists by the end of the twentieth century. During the mid-1970s, as positivist approaches towards the rehabilitation of known criminals began to prove ineffective, the popularity of the classical approach improved. Criminologists began to portray criminals to the public as rational planners who deserve to be punished. This modernized view of the classical school of criminology is now known as the rational choice theory and is used to explain why criminals commit crimes. According to the rational choice theory, criminals are people who share the same goals and ambitions as ordinary citizens, but choose to obtain those goals by illegitimate means. The rational choice theory is based on the assumption that before choosing to commit a crime, the criminal considers personal factors or motivation for the crime, such as their immediate need for benefits, revenge, or excitement, and also situational factors, such as the severity of the consequences and the risk of apprehension. The rationality described by rational choice theory is different from the colloquial and philosophical uses of rationality. Rationality means in colloquial language sane or in a thoughtful clear headed manner. Routine activity theory is a sub-field of rational choice criminology, which was developed by Marcus Felson. Routine activity theory says that crime is normal and depends on the opportunities available. For example after Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, meaning poverty, inequality and unemployment became a problem this gave people a reason to commit crimes.

Strategy and Operations Revision

Introduction to Strategy and Operations Management| Operations Strategy| Product Design| Process Design| Supply Networks| Layout and Flow| Scientific Management and Job Design| Introduction to Quality – A Choice Paradigm| Operationalizing Strategy| Review and Examination Preparation| Operations Strategy Strategic decisions Widespread in their effect, define the position of the organisation relative to its environment and move the organisation closer to its long term goals * A strategy has content and process Operations is not the same as operational * Operations – resources that create products and services * Operational – opposite of strategic. Day-to-day and detailed Content and Process * Content – specific decisions and actions * Process – method that is used to make the specific ‘content’ decisions 4 Perspectives Top Down – the influence of the corporate or business strategy on operations decisions * Bottom-up – the in fluence of operational experience on operations decisions * Market requirements – the performance objectives that reflect the market position of an operations products or service, also a perspective on operations strategy * Operations resource capabilities – the inherent ability of operations processes and resources; also a perspective on operations strategy. Products * Tangible Are used after purchase Services * Intangible * Used at the time of delivery TOP DOWN PERSPECTIVE Views strategic decisions at a number of levels Corporate strategy – the strategic positioning of a corporation and the businesses with it Business strategy – the strategic positioning of a business in relation to its customers, markets and competitors, a subset of corporate strategy Functional strategy – the overall direction and role of a function within the business; a subset of business strategy BOTTOM UP PRESPECTIVE Sees overall strategy as emerging from day-to-day operational experience Emergent strategy – a strategy that is gradually shaped over time and based on experience rather than theoretical positioning MARKET REQUIREMENTS PERSPECTIVE -Satisfy the requirements of the market Competitive factors – the factors such as delivery time, product or service specification, price etc. hat define customers’ requirements Order-winning factors – the arrangement of resources that are devoted to the production and delivery of products and services Qualifying factors – aspects of competitiveness where the operation’s performance has to be above a particular level to be considered by the customer Less important factors – competitive factors that are neither order winning nor qualifying, performance in them does not significantly affect the competitive position of an operation Product/service life cycle – a generalized model of t he behaviour of both customers and competitors during the life of a product or service; it is generally held to have four stages, introduction, growth, maturity and decline. OPERATIONS RESOURCES PERSPECTIVE Resource-based view (RBS) – the perspective on strategy that stresses the importance of capabilities (sometimes known as core competences) in determining sustainable competitive advantage. Intangible resources – the resources within an operation that are not immediately evident or tangible, such as relationships with suppliers and customers, process knowledge, new product and service development. PROCESS OF OPERATIONS STRATEGY Process – procedures which are, or can be, used to formulate those operations strategies which the org. should adopt. IMPLEMENTATION 5 P’s of operations strategy formulation * Purpose * Point of entry * Process * Project management * Participation TRADE-OFFS The extent to which improvements in one performance objective can be achieved by sacrificing performance in others. PROCESS OF OPERATIONS STRATEGY GUIDES THE TRADE OFFS B/W PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Operations strategy – Should address the relative priority of the operation’s performance objectives * Influences the trade-offs b/w an operation’s performance EFFICIENT FRONTIER Like in economics – convex line. Useful approach to articulating trade-of fs and distinguishes b/w repositioning performance on the efficient frontier and improving performance by overcoming trade-offs. FOCUS AND TRADE-OFFS Operations focus – dedicating each operation to a limited, concise, manageable set of objectives, products, technologies or markets, then structuring policies and support services so they focus on one explicit task rather than on a variety of inconsistent or conflicting tasks. Operation-within-an-operation – allows an org. to accrue the benefits of focus without the considerable expensive of setting up independent operations. Design DESIGN ACTIVITY To conceive looks, arrangement and workings of something before it is constructed. Happens before construction. PROCESS DESIGN AND PRODUCT/SERVICE DESIGN ARE INTERREALTED Treated separately but are interrelated. Process design and product/service design should be considered together PROCESS DESIGN OBJECTIVES Point of process design is to make sure that the performance of the process is appropriate for whatever it is trying to achieve. Process design should reflect process objectives Micro’ performance flow objectives are used to describe flow performance: * Throughput rate – rate which units emerge from the process * Throughput time – the time for a unit to move through a process * Work in process – number of units in the process is an average over a period of time * Utilizatio n- the ratio of the actual output from a process or facility to its design capacity ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE DESIGN Life cycle analysis – a technique that analyses all the production inputs, life cycle use of a product and its final disposal in terms of total energy used and wastes emitted. PROCESS TYPES – THE VOLUME VARIETY EFFECT ON PROCESS DESIGN High volume = food canning factory Low volume = major project consulting engineers Low variety = electricity utility High variety = architects practice Low volume – high variety and vice versa Volume variety positions PROCESS TYPES Process types – terms that are used to describe a particular general approach to managing processes In manufacturing these are generally held to be project, jobbing, batch, mass and continuous processes, In services they are held to be professional services, service shops and mass services PROJECT PROCESSES – processes that deal with discrete, usually highly customized, products. JOBBING PROCESSES – processes that deal with high variety and low volumes, although there may be some repetition of flow and activities. BATCH PROCESSES – processes that treat batches of products together, and where each batch has its own process route. MASS PROCESSES – processes that produce goods in high volume and relatively low variety CONTINUOUS PROCESSES – processes that are high volume and low variety; usually products made on continuous process are produced in an endless flow, such as petrochemicals or electricity. PROFESSIONAL SERVICES – service processes that are devoted to producing knowledge-based or advice-based services, usually involving high customer contact and high customisation, examples include management consultants, lawyers, architects etc. SERVICE SHOPS – service processes that are positioned between professional services and mass services, usually with medium levels of volume and customization. MASS SERVICES – service processes that have a high number of transactions, often involving limited customization, for example mass transportation services, call centres etc. PRODUCT-PROCESS MATRIX A model derived by Hayes and Wheelwright that demonstrates that natural fit between volume and variety of products and services produced by an operation on one hand, and the process type used to produce products and services on the other. Natural diagonal – most operations stick to this. PROCESS MAPPING Describing the processes in terms of how the activities within the process relate to each other (aka process blueprinting or process analysis) PROCESS MAPPING SYMBOLS PMS – The symbols that are used to classify different types of activity; they usually derive either from scientific management or information systems flow charting High-level process mapping – an aggregated process map that shows broad activities rather than detailed activities THROUGHOUT, CYCLE TIME AND WORK IN PROCESS Work content – the total amount of work required to produce a unit of output, usually measured in standard times Throughput time – the time for a unit to move through a process Cycle time – average time b/w units of output emerging from a process Work-in-process – number of units within a process waiting to be process further LITTLES LAW Throughput time = work-in process x cycle time THROUGHPUT EFFICIENCY % Throughput efficiency = (work content/throughput time) x 100 PRODUCT AND SERVICE DESIGN WHY IS DESIGN IMPORTANT? -Enhances profitability WHAT IS DESIGNED? * Concept – outline specification including nature, use and value of p/s * Package – Core p/s – fundamental to the purchase and could not be removed without destroying nature of the package * Supporting p/s – Enhance the core * Process – designing a way in which the ‘ingredients’ will be created and delivered to customer DESIGN ACTIVITY IS ITSELF A PROCE SS -The design activity is one of the most important operations processes -Producing designs for products is itself a process STAGES OF DESIGN 1. Concept generation – a stage in the product and service design process that formalizes the underlying idea behind a product or service 2. Screening – to see if they will be a sensible addition to its p/s portfolio 3. Evaluation and improvement – can it be served better, more cheaply, more easily? 4. Prototyping and final design CONCEPT GENERATION IDEAS FOR CUSTOMERS -Marketing – focus groups etc. LISTENING TO CUSTOMERS -Complaints –suggestions IDEAS FROM COMPETITORS Reverse engineering – the deconstruction of a p/s in order to understand how it has been produced IDEAS FROM STAFF Know what customers like etc. IDEAS FROM RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT R&D – the function in the org. that develops new knowledge and ideas and operationalizes the ideas to form the underlying knowledge on which p/s and process design are based. CONCEPT SCREENING Assessing the worth or value of each design option, so a choice can be made. * Design criteria – 3 broad categories of design criteria† 1. Feasibility – the ability of an operation to produce a process, product or service 2. Acceptability – the attractiveness to the operation of a p/s 3. Vulnerability – the risks taken by the operation in adopting a process, p or s THE DESIGN ‘FUNNEL’ A model that depicts the design process as the progressive reduction of design options from many alternatives down to the final design. PRELIMINARY DESIGN SPECIFYING THE COMPONENTS OF THE PACKAGE Component structure – diagram that shows the constituent component parts of a product or service package and the order in which the component parts are brought together (aka components structure) REDUCING DESIGN COMPLEXITY Simplicity is a virtue STANDARDIZATION The degree to which processes, products or services are prevented from varying over time COMMONALITY The degree to which a range of p/s incorporate identical components (aka parts commonality) If multiple p/s are based on common components, the less complex it is to produce them MODULARIZATION The use of standardized sub-components of a p/s that can be put together in different ways to create a high degree of variety. I. e. Art attack. Many languages, 60% scenes the same DEFINING THE PROCESS TO CREATE THE PACKAGE Examine how a process could put together the various components to create the final p/s. DESIGN EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT See if preliminary design can be improved before the p/s is tested in the market. Many techniques (3 main ones): 1. QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT A technique used to ensure that the eventual design of a p/s actually meets the needs of its customers. QFD matrix – how company sees relationship b/w requirements of customer and the design characteristics of p/s 2. VALUE ENGINEERING An approach to cost reduction in product design that examines the purpose of a p/s, its basic functions and its secondary functions. 3. TAGUCHI METHODS A design technique that uses design combinations to test the robustness of a design I. e. Telephone – should still work when has been knocked over. Pizza shop – cope with rush of customers PROTOTYPING AND FINAL DESIGN Prototype can be clay model, simulations etc. Virtual prototype –a computer based model of a p/p/s that can be tested for its characteristics before the actual p/p/s is produced Computer-aided design (CAD) – a system that provides the computer ability to create and modify p/p/s drawings BENEFITS OF INTERACTIVE DESIGN Interactive design – the idea that the design of p/s on one hand, and the processes that create them on the other, should be integrated Can shorten time to market SIMULTANEOUS DEVELOPMENT Sequential approach to design – one stage completed before another is started * Easy to manage and control * Time consuming and costly Simultaneous/concurrent approach to design – overlapping these stages in the design process so that one stage in the design activity can start before the preceding stage is finished, the intention being to shorten time to market and save design cost PROJECT-BASED ORGANIZATION STRUCTURES Functional design organization Product design organization Range of org. structures = Pure functional to pure project forms. Task force Matrix organization LAYOUT AND FLOW WHAT IS LAYOUT? -How its transforming resources are positioned relative to each other and how its various tasks are allocated to these transforming resources. – Layout decision is relatively infrequent but important What makes a good layout? – Inherent safety – Length of flow – Clarity of flow – Staff conditions – Management coordination – Accessibility – Use of space – Long-term flexibility – Layout is influenced by process types BASIC LAYOUT TYPES 4 basic layout types: FIXED-POSITION LAYOUT -Locating the position of a product or service such that it remains largely stationary, while transforming resources are moved to and from it I. e. Motorway construction, open-heart surgery (patients too delicate to be moved). FUNCTIONAL LAYOUT * Conforms to the needs and convenience of the functions performed by the transforming resources which constitute the processes. Similar resources or processes are located together * I. e. Hospitals, supermarket CELL LAYOUT * Transformed resources entering the operation are pre-selected to move to one part of the operation in which all the transforming resources, to meet their immediate processing needs, are located. * I. e. Maternity unit in a hospital, lunch products in a supermarket * Shop-within-a-shop – display area selling specific thing. I. e. sports shop – sports books, sports shoes, etc. PRODUCT LAYOUT Line layout – a more descriptive term for what is technically product layou t Involves locating the transforming resources entirely for the convenience of the transformed resources. I. e. Automobile assembly Self-service cafeteria – sequence of customer requirements (starter, main, dessert, drink) is common to all customers, but layout also helps control flow of customers. MIXED LAYOUTS Combination of layouts I. e. 1 kitchen serving 3 restaurants (cafeteria, buffet and sit down) VOLUME-VARIETY AND LAYOUT TYPE -The volume and variety characteristics of an operation will influence its layout – When volume is low and variety high, flow is not a problem SELECTING A LAYOUT TYPE -Volume-variety characteristics narrow down choice -Influenced by understanding advantages and disadvantages (see p198) – Cost implications DETAILED DESIGN OF THE LAYOUT DETAILED DESIGN IN FIXED POSITION LAYOUT Location of resources based on the convenience of transforming resources themselves. DETAILED DESIGN IN FUNCTIONAL LAYOUT Combinatorial complexity – the idea that many different ways of processing products and services at many different locations or points in time combine to result in an exceptionally large number of feasible options; the term is often used in facilities layout and scheduling to justify non-optimal solutions Flow record chart – a diagram used in layout to record the flow of products or services between facilities Relationship chart – a diagram used in layout to summarize the relative desirability of facilities to be close to each other.

11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your Writing

11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your Writing 11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your Writing 11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your Writing By Ali Hale Whether you’re writing just for fun, for school, or with professional goals in mind, these exercises can all help you to improve your writing. Some will give you inspiration, others will help you avoid editing as you write, and many of them will help you pay closer attention to your word choices. I hope you’ll enjoy giving them a go! #1: Cover Your Screen While You Write If you find yourself doing more editing than actual writing, then try covering up (or, on a laptop, turning down) your screen while you draft. If, like me, you can touch-type – try closing your eyes instead. I find it surprisingly relaxing! (Though I tend to stop every sentence or two to make sure I’ve hit the keys I thought I was hitting) At first, it might seem odd not to be able to see the words that you’re typing – but you might well find that you write faster and express your thoughts more freely this way. #2: Set a Daily Writing Goal and Track Your Progress Writing, as most other crafts, only gets better with practice. If you want to improve, therefore, you will need to write pretty much every single day. The best strategy to achieve this objective is to set a goal of how many words you want to write per day, and then to track your progress over time. A simple notebook or spreadsheet should be enough for you to record your daily statistics. The Prolifiko blog has a great piece with more tips to set writing goals and resolutions and to make sure you achieve them. #3: Use a Writing Prompt to Get You Going If you want to write, but you don’t know what you want to write, try using a writing prompt. This could be anything from a story scenario (â€Å"write about someone who gets caught in a lie†) to a blog post title (â€Å"Ten Things I Wish I Could Tell My 15-Year-Old Self†). Here are a couple of sources of prompts to keep you busy for a while: 25 creative writing prompts, a list of prompts you can use to start writing a simple story or even a novel. 365 Creative Writing Prompts, from Think Written – a mixed bag of prompts, with some for stories and some for poems; many would also work for blogging. Even if you’re working on a longer piece, like a novel, prompts can be helpful. A line of dialogue, for instance, might give you just the inspiration you need for your next scene. #4: Don’t Start at the Beginning Start at the End There’s no writing rule that says you need to begin at the beginning. In fact, many writers find it more effective to start at the end. You can do this in a couple of different ways: Start your story (or blog post, etc) close to the chronological end – e.g. you might begin with â€Å"As I stared down the mountain, I couldn’t believe I was actually here† You can then jump back in time and narrate the events that led up to that point. Write the end of your blog post (or story, etc) first. Once you’ve written your concluding paragraphs or final scenes, you’ll know what you’re leading up to. If you prefer not to write it out in full, you could make notes. #5: Rewrite a Masterpiece or a Famous Story Choose a famous masterpiece or classic novel (like Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice or Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet) and write your own version. This is a great exercise because you can do it at almost any level: you could write a short story for children, or you could write a whole novel or screenplay. (Bridget Jones’s Diary, for instance, borrowed heavily from Pride and Prejudice; the children’s movie Gnomeo and Juliet is based, as you might guess, on Romeo and Juliet.) You can do this with fairytales, too, like the story of Cinderella or Little Red Riding Hood. You might decide to bring the stories into the modern world – or you might switch to a completely different genre, like a Western version of Little Red Riding Hood or a sci-fi version of Cinderella. Hopefully, you’ll think of some interesting ways to present an old story in a new way – great practice for avoiding clichà ©s and stereotypes in your own writing. #6: Create a Found Poem from Your Spam Folder A â€Å"found poem† is one created from text that already exists – and some writers enjoy repurposing spam emails for this! Check your spam folder. I’m sure that, like mine, it’s full of emails with some strange wording and dubious promises like: I did not need to find a winning product. he gave it to me Just drinking 1 cup of this delicious hot beverage in the morning sets you up to burn more fat than 45 exhausting minutes on the treadmill. Hello %E-mail_address%, I know your very love Engineer Jobs and want have T-Shirt for Engineer Jobs. It is vital  to have a telephone system that has all the specific functions (All of these are taken verbatim from my own spam folder) Could you pick out a few lines (they don’t have to be consecutive ones) to create your own found poem? Feel free to add some words if needed. There are some wonderfully odd examples here. #7: Write Something Inspired By a Piece of Writing, Music or Art Inspiration can come in all sorts of ways – but if you’re struggling to find an idea, try turning to other people’s creative works.  In my blogging, I’ve often been inspired by other people’s post structures, by an idea of theirs that I want to take further – or even by something they’ve written that I disagree with. You can use music and art in a similar way: they can be particularly potent sources of ideas for stories. If you have a favourite song or artist, what in their work speaks to you? How could you craft a story using some of those themes or thoughts? Alternatively, look through some photos of artworks, and choose one or more to use as the basis for a story. #8: Interview Your Novel’s Characters This is a fun exercise that a lot of writers use to dig into who their characters are: the character interview. You can work through a pre-set list of questions, or you can come up with your own in advance, or you can just start typing and go with the flow! You might do this essentially like a character questionnaire or checklist, or you might want to write it more like a mini-story, with you as the author inviting your character to sit down and talk. Depending on the sort of fiction you write, the setting for your interview could be almost anything – perhaps you’re enjoying a casual chat over coffee and cake with your character, or maybe you’re interviewing them as a journalist, or even in court. Or, if you’re into rather darker fiction, you might be conducting an interrogation However you do this, it’s a great exercise to have fun with, and you might discover a whole backstory to your character that you’d never thought about before. #9: Use the Alphabet This is a fun exercise that can work for almost any type of writing: craft a piece where each sentence starts with the next letter of the alphabet. Here’s the start of one to show you what I mean: At six oclock, Josie woke up. Before shed even opened her eyes, she knew what had woken her: she could hear it, just like shed heard it every Friday morning for months. Cliff, her neighbour, was out  in his garden. Despite all the times shed gone round and asked him, through gritted teeth, to please wait until at least seven, he was mowing the blasted lawn again. â€Å"Excuse me!† she called, over the fence. For a moment, she thought he hadn’t heard her over the sound of the mower. (Yes, it’s tricky once you get to X! You might find this list helpful, or you might choose to use a sentence-starting word that merely contains an X.) #10: Write with a Sentence Length Limit in Place Can you limit every sentence you write to ten words? (Or fewer!) This might be tricky. It’s a great exercise for bloggers and online marketers, though. Short snappy sentences and paragraphs work well online. You might want to draft as normal, then edit ruthlessly. Or you could count the words as you type. Whatever works for you! (Yes, the sentences in this section are ten words max) #11: Write Without Using Any Adverbs This is a common exercise advised for fiction writers: write a whole scene without using a single adverb. Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives and adverbs. They often (though not always) end with –ly. Here are a few sentences with the adverbs indicated in bold: The girl walked quickly to school. (â€Å"Quickly† is modifying the verb â€Å"walked†.) Slowly, the fairly tall man stood.   (â€Å"Slowly† is modifying the verb â€Å"stood†, and â€Å"fairly† is modifying the adjective â€Å"tall†) On the bus, the baby cried dismayingly loudly. (â€Å"Dismayingly† is modifying the adverb â€Å"loudly†, and â€Å"loudly† is modifying the verb â€Å"cried†.) Writing without adverbs forces you to write crisper, clearer (and shorter!) sentences, which often have more impact. In particular, you’ll find yourself choosing stronger verbs. All of these sentences could replace â€Å"The girl walked quickly to school† – and each has a slightly different nuance: The girl strode to school. The girl hurried to school. The girl power-walked to school. Of course, adverbs aren’t bad in themselves – so I don’t recommend avoiding them in all your writing! This exercise can help you, though, to be more aware of when you’re using adverbs unnecessarily. Pick one of the above  exercises to try out during your writing time this week. (If you’re feeling up for it, pick two and combine them – how about rewriting a classic without using any adverbs?) Have fun! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases60 Synonyms for â€Å"Trip†6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

Business overview of reliance travel agency

Business overview of reliance travel agency Reliance travel agency established since 1969 in the forefront of the Travel & Tourism business and is a leading Travel Management Company in Malaysia and is the first Tour and Travel Company listed on the KLSE (1993). Brand value for the company is Trust, Speed and Choice. They specialize in travel package around the globe with experience and quality service Reliance travel network expand to more than 200 destinations in locally and overseas. They provided widest choice of travel destination with great service value such as independent tour bookings, fight reservations, airline ticketing, accommodation bookings, customized tour package and car hire. Reliance senior management team is composed of professional with extensive experience from all aspect in travel field. Besides, with excellent relationship with airlines and travel suppliers, they can provide quality standard service with pair pricing that satisfied their customers. For Reliance, customer satisfaction is the most valuab le asset. Vision To be international well known travel agency brand by serve amazing journey destination and providing fun, leisure, holidays and vacations to customers (Reliance Travel, 2008-2010) 1.1 PESTEL Political Factors Government Policies Reliance has to obey policies of the government where they run their business activities. When nation or foreign company invest in Malaysia, Malaysia government will support them and welcomed their investment by provides many incentives for company that operating in Malaysia. Since the tourism industry is one of the top priorities, they have a bright future operating in Malaysia. Political Stability Political stability in Malaysia creates an opportunity for Reliance to expand their business worldwide. Reliance famous in many countries because of their brand value Trust, Speed and Choice. For political stability companies, represents an attractive expansion opportunity. With good brand value and political stability, this will help to increas e profit of Reliance as well. Economic Factor Malaysia government provides many incentives to national and foreign companies to stimulate further economic growth. Besides, inflation in Malaysia is very low because government controlling the situation cautiously. The latest report of inflation rate is Malaysia was 1.90%, reported in July 2010. The average inflation rate in Malaysia from 2005 until 2010 was 2.77 percent reaching an historical high of 8.50 percent in July of 2008 and a record low of -2.40 percent in July of 2009.   [ 1 ]    Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2010 1.30 1.20 1.30 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.90                2009 3.90 3.70 3.50 3.00 2.40 -1.40 -2.40 -2.40 -2.00 -1.50 -0.10 1.10 2008 2.30 2.70 2.80 3.00 3.80 7.70 8.50 8.50 8.20 7.60 5.70 4.40 * The table above displays the monthly average Source: Trading Economic, Inflation Rate 2010 If there is economic growth in the country and per capital income is increasing due to increase in GDP will create an opportunity for Reliance. This is because purchasing power of the people will increase and they can spend more on purchasing. There is a down fall in the economy of many countries. Growing inflation rate and unemployment rate has reduced the purchasing power of the people. There are many benefits that tourism industry brings to our economy. First of all, when governments promote tourism industry in Malaysia, it will bring foreign currency and generate wealth for country. Besides, it also helps to provide job opportunities and helps economies at district levels, such as improving urban and rural areas which in turn stimulates new business enterprises and promotes a more positive image in an area. For an example, when tourist come to visit Malaysia, their will bring business to Malaysia. This will help to create job opportunities and governments also will develop more infrastructures such as leisure mall to attract more tourists.

Berman vs department of interior case Term Paper

Berman vs department of interior case - Term Paper Example erman undertakes to bring the culprits to book by aiding POGO in drafting the draft Freedom of Information Act (â€Å"FOIA†) which allowed them to file for two qui tam actions in the United States District Court. As a result, they were paid $440m from the litigation. This was the value of the royalties owed by the oil companies. POGO had already promised to pay a third of the money they will be paid after the litigation and thus when the money was compensated, POGO sent a check of $383,600 to Berman and enclosed therein an indication that the money was an award for his dedication and not for payment of his services. Alter on, the Department of the Interior sued Berman for violation of ethical obligation and breach of fiduciary duty. The perpetrators in this case were the Project on Government Oversight (POGO) and Berman. The societal values they violated was the compensation of the $383,600 check out of the $440 million which was meant to be for the royalties which were underpaid to the federal and Indian lands by the oil companies. They should have given the money to them instead of suing it. Organizational values which were violated in this case were the payment of lump sum money to a government employee for tasks done for the government apart from the salary. Thus, POGO should not have given Berman the check since he was already doing his job. Berman’s ethical obligation concerning oil royalty matters was to deliver the paid money to the underpaid federal and Indian lands by the oil companies. There are competing obligations in this case since the money paid to Berman was meant to be an award for his decision for his work in the past decade while the punishment in this case should be applied to paymen ts given to government especially for future work (Denhardt, 1988). The obligation of the non-public officials in this case was to ensure there was no mismanagement of public resources or abuse of power. They owed this obligation to the public since they were

American Apparel Unwrapping Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Apparel Unwrapping Ethics - Essay Example Riggs suggests that, through the concept of having the pro-labor practices in the company, the company has been able to ensure that all the employees are effectively involved in the undertakings of the company as well as in the decision making (54). The availability of the employees’ motivational incentives such as bonuses for the employees is what keeps the employees motives high in their duties. This usually motivates them in their positions thus enhancing the success of the company. The employees have their job secured in the company; they are always secured of retaining their positions at all the times. The job security is offered to the employees regardless of their positions in the company. Employees are also provided with a payment that is able to sustain their livelihood as it’s always above the minimum wage of the country, their payment is about double of the minimum wage of a country such as California. This is a total motivation to the employees thus improving their performance. American Apparel has gained international recognition through its loyalty to the employees, as well as the customers. Citizens all over the country value the quality clothing of the company thus creating demand for their products. Therefore, this increases the company’s profitability and enhances the company’s financial level. The company’s interrelation with the customers has promoted peoples incentives in promoting environmental conservation. The Company’s mode of advertisement has reached to the extent of becoming a sexual harassment, as argued by some of the parents. Through the use of some nude advertising pictures, the pictures are been extensive of the ethical codes that are socially expected in the country. According to a consumer’s experience, there are sexually illusive photos that are abusive to the youths. However, teenagers form the most clients

Analysis and Evaluation of an Advertisement Essay

Analysis and Evaluation of an Advertisement - Essay Example Further downwards are the following lines of text respectively; ‘Starrex Music Phones’, ‘Customized playlists’ and ‘Sound effects’. These texts are in white. On the background of the above texts are other two lines of text in black, ‘Mix your Music ‘, ‘Karaoke’ The advertisement is neatly designed with the four dancers in positioning themselves in along a curve with the central two appearing much larger than the other two on the extremes. The space in the advert is optimally utilized with both the texts and the images covering about three-quarters of the advertisement pages. The color use in the advert is deep orange in the background especially behind the text and on the upper sections of the beautiful sky. At the centre of the advertisement page are the shades of brown and white which extent to some parts of the sky. As to the effect of the advertisement display; it targets the youth population. The advertisement presents a colorful and a busy display due to the evidently vigorous dance and the fiery coloration of the deep orange just adds to this effect. Because of these aspects, this advertisement presents a wonderful cutting edge presentation that impacts a great deal on the viewer. All these attributes of the advertisement talk a lot of the modernity and such appeal to a larger extent to the youth (Nicolosi 80). To emphasize this, the advertisement persuades the audience to obtain the displayed phone type so as to be in control of their own entertainment, through managing their own customized playlists and being able to mix their own music karaoke. The logical appeal of the advertisement with regard to the logos is great. This is because the consistency and clarity of the message being conveyed, ‘an awesome and joyous experience with respect to entertainment from such a phone’, is the eve emphasized by both the images and colors. Next, with respect to the

Comparative Analysis of English and Bade Proverbs

Comparative Analysis of English and Bade Proverbs COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND BADE PROVERBS: EXPLORING FORM AND CONTENT It is believed that there is no language without proverbs. Vulic and Zergollern in Valiulyte (2010), corroborate this notion that ‘each nation or country has its own proverbs†. Therefore, every language has its own proverbs which are used by its own speakers through many media as in literature like poetry, prose and drama and other forms of daily communication. Nevertheless, some advanced languages like English have a rich tradition of proverbs, because its proverbs have been collected and analyzed academically. This is probably due to the early civilization of the English people, and their awareness of literature and publication. Consequently, English proverbs have become richer and more widespread, unlike the ones of Bade (a local language in Yobe State, Nigeria) whose proverbs have not received any study worthy of academic recognition. The term proverb has been defined by different scholars in different perspectives. Norrick (1985) defines proverbs as self-sufficient, brief, traditional expression with advisory content and secured poetic form. Meider (1985) sees it as a short, generally known sentence which contains wisdom, truth, with memorable form and which is handed down from generation to generation. According to Tatar (1998), proverbs are concise common expressions with literal and figurative meaning. It can be understood from the above definitions that the term proverb is a terse saying that represents matters of universal truth, with a literal, figurative, or poetic structure, preserved through discourse, and passed on from one generation to another in human society. According to Meider (2004), in Dabaghi, Pishbin and Niknasab (2010), it is hard to identify the origin and history of proverbs. Nevertheless, he adds that proverbs ‘†¦ do not fall from the sky’. Therefore, he observes that there is a similar trend of emergence of proverbs in Europe, Asia, Africa and other linguistic and cultural groups. He traces the origin of European proverbs ‘back to the classical times of Greek and Roman antiquity; the Biblical era; the Medieval Latin, and the mass media’. In tracing the origin of proverbs in Persian languages, religion and literature have been recognized as two sources (Moosavi, 2000, in Dabaghi, Pishbin and Niknasab, 2010). In a rather more specific manner, Ridout and Witting (1969) link the source of modern English proverbs to popular sayings of the common man; borrowing from the Bible and other languages; wise saying of famous literary scholars; turning highly idiomatic expressions into proverbs; and, modern edu cation. Over the years, scholars have agreed that geographical location has some effects on the nature of proverbs. Brown (1983) observes that proverbs emerging from the same zone tend to have common features. The same idea may be noticed in Schuh (2005), stating that indigenous languages in Yobe State share ‘a large number of idioms, lexicon-related expressions’, just like how West African languages share ‘proverbs and riddles, songs and folktales’. Nevertheless, this does not mean that those languages may not have distinct properties that can separate them from one another as different language. Because Bade is one of the focus languages in this research, some characteristics of proverbs that are peculiar to African languages will provide the researcher with some rich data to work on. One very inconvenient aspect of this research is that while available resources on English proverbs are not hard to come by, Bade, being the other target language is badly lacking in literary resources particularly on proverbs on the one hand. On the other hand, it looks interesting that this research will set a precedent in such an area with a serious academic intent. Recently, studies on Verbal Arts posted on Yobe Language Research Project have presented a few collections of proverbs of indigenous languages, with Bole (257 proverbs),Ngizim(230 proverbs), Karekare(32 proverbs),and Ngamo(14 proverbs). In the case of Bade, its collection deals with songs and folktales, with no single proverb attached (Schuh, 2004). Other non-indigenous languages like Kanuri, Fulfulde and Hausa which Schuh sees as widely spoken in the state, are the most widely studied, with the last one topping the list with several pieces of researches about proverbs including a dictionary titled Dictionary of Hausa Proverbs. Hence, these few collections of proverbs on the indigenous languages of the study area will benefit the researcher greatly, by providing him with a platform upon which to study the Bade proverbs easily. The basic aim of this research is to analyze the form and content of English and Bade proverbs. To achieve this, the research aims to address four main questions. Firstly, it tries to determine whether English and Bade proverbs have different form. Secondly, it will address the question of whether there are similarities between the content of English and Bade proverbs. Thirdly, it seeks to establish how English and Bade proverbs are preserved .Fourthly, it will ascertain whether there are differences in terms of cultural materials involved in the construction of English and Bade proverbs. Such questions are directly linked to the main aim of this research. By looking at these differences and similarities, it will be possible to justify this analysis correctly. In order to answer these research questions correctly, theoretical framework is proposed. Initially, there is the need to clarify the variables of this research. This research has two dependent variables-form and content, which depend on the independent variable- English and Bade proverbs. It is often possible that in a piece of research like this, two theories may present better analytical ground. Therefore, I have chosen to be eclectic in method, by using more than one theory in a single research. I will use two Semantic theories: Classical Metaphor will be used to analyze form; and, Topic-Comment Structure Theory to analyze content of all the proverbs in my corpus. These analyses, upon which the remaining questions and objectives will be answered and achieved, will be used to explain the form and content of both English and Bade proverbs. The decision to propose Metaphor is very much connected to its history as having positive effects on literary studies. Norrick (1985) confirms that the essence of metaphor in studies of proverbs can be traced back to Aristotle. Saeed (2004) classifies two approaches of traditional metaphor as Classical and Romantic. He ascribes classical metaphor to Aristotle, as it describes metaphor from figurative and rhetorical perspectives. Romantic metaphor is linked to ‘eighteenth and nineteenth century Romantic’ periods, which define metaphor as possibly common material in language use (Saeed, 2004). To set a focus for the research, the researcher has chosen to position it on classical perspective which directly relates to proverbs studies. Based on classical view, it seems likely that metaphor is a universal feature of proverbs. And since proverbs are characterized by ‘rigid form’, (Norick, 1985), metaphor will be of great advantage in analyzing all the proverbs tha t have figurative form in the corpus of this research. The second theory is called Topic-Comment Structure as stated above. According to Norrick (1985), this theory is attributed to Dundes(1975).He adds that the theorist proposed it due to the disagreement of paremiologists about a unified formula to analyze the content of proverbs. Using some English proverbs such as ‘Like father like son, No rose without a thorn, and Better late than never’, Dundes suggests substitutable variables such as ‘like X like Y, no X without Y, and better x than Y’ respectively. Norrick observes that these variables can be used to substitute any expression in a proverb. Therefore, this researcher will use this theory to interpret the real content of all proverbs in the corpus. This kind of research is not rare in literary studies. Different kinds of proverb research have been conducted by many literary experts in English and other languages in the world. Shariati and Teyabi (2012), in their study A Comparative Study of Proverbs Characteristics of Mesopotamian Language, and Local Dialect of Persian indicate that research in proverbs has been carried out since ‘about 2500 BC’. However, this may not discredit this research as a mere repetition of previous works of experts. Certainly, it will make it even more interesting since so far, I have not found any serious research into Bade proverbs. With this fast growing interest in literature and publication in the age of globalization, the importance of proverbs is realized not only in literary contexts but also in media, politics, religion and several other social transactions. Meider, in Dabaghi, Pishbin and Niknasab, (2010), notes that ‘proverbs obviously contain a lot of common sense, experience, wisdom, and truth, and as such they represent ready- made traditional strategies in oral speech and writing from high literature to the mass media’. Thus, it seems reasonable that for literature to be meaningful, studies of proverbs ought to be taken as important as any other aspect of literary studies. Therefore, through this analysis, this research is set to achieve certain objectives which include the following: to define the formal pattern of English and Bade proverbs; to determine the content of English and Bade proverbs; to unveil the ways of preserving the proverbs of English and Bade; to explain the different cultural material involved in the construction of English and Bade proverbs.

What is Passover? Essay -- essays research papers fc

What is Passover? Its History and Traditions Passover is one of the oldest festivals in the world. This festival falls in spring, in the first month of the Hebrew year, called Nisan (March-April), and lasts for eight days, from the fifteenth to the twenty-third. It commemorates the release of the Israelites from Egypt and the fact that God â€Å"passed over† their houses when he sought the first-born in that land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the Bible, the story of Passover runs as follows. A group of Hebrews known as the sons of Jacob came down from Canaan towards Egypt. They settled under a benevolent regime, where they were made slaves and set to work, building the cities of Pithum and Raamses. The pharaoh ordered all the Hebrew sons to be killed at birth. A Hebrew mother placed her infant child into a box and placed him in the Nile River, to escape the pharaoh’s decree. The Pharaoh’s daughter found this Hebrew baby, called him Moses, took him home and raised him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One day, he saw a brutal attack upon a Hebrew by an Egyptian overseer; enraged by the attack Moses killed the Egyptian. Fearing to be killed for killing an Egyptian, he fled to Midian, where he married the daughter of a local priest. On one occasion while attending the sheep of his father-in-law on Mount Horeb, Moses witnessed a spectacle of a burning bush. This bush seemed some how not to consume. Wondering what was happening, he came closer to the bush and the local god Yahweh (Jehovah) told him that the Israelites were suffering, and that he had been chosen to release them from Egypt and lead them to the paradisal land, what is known now as Palestine and Syria. Moses had to introduce Jehovah to the Israelites, and after they had adopted him, he had to go to the Pharaoh and request the release of the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To show that it was indeed Jehovah, who had spoken to Moses, Moses was furnished with three magical credentials. First, his staff was turned into a serpent and then reverted to its normal shape. Second, when he placed his hand under his sleeve, it became leprous and then it recovered when he removed it. Third, he was told that if the people persisted in questioning his mission, he was to give them visible proof by turning water from the Nile into blood before their eyes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As commissioned, ... ...ortance, enabling the person to be aware of gratitude, and to widen an individual’s perspective of himself/herself in relation to his/her fellow human beings. The Feast of Freedom, called Passover, is an example of a meaningful story showing God’s intent to convey a balance between the Hebrews’ self concerns and the concerns of their enemies, as God reminds the Hebrew to pray for the fallen Egyptians army and the slain first-borns of the Egyptian families. Passover’s concept of freedom is not only a cause for celebration, but also a strong lesson in the value of how a person should conduct oneself or a group should conduct itself to other human beings. Bibliography Bulka, Reuven P. What you thought you knew about Judaism. Jason Aronson Inc. Northvale, New Jersey. 1989 Cardozo, Arlene Rossen Jewish Family Celebrations. St. Martin’s Press, New York . 1982 Fredman, Ruth Gruber The Passover Seder. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1981 Goodman, Philip The Passover Anthology. The Jewish Publication Society of America. Philadelphia. 1971 Sohn, Seock-tae The Divine Election of Israel. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. Grand Rapids, Michigan. 1991

Professional Roles and Values

Professional Roles Running head: Professional Roles and Values 1 Professional Roles and Values Jennifer Kelso, RN Western Governor’s University Professional Roles 2 Professional Roles and Values The nurse supervisor has the responsibility of coaching all of her staff members in the importance of utilizing her team members to provide the most holistic care for patients. As a nurse supervisor it is important to recognize when a team member is struggling with this concept and to provide the proper leadership and mentoring so that the most best possible patient outcomes can be consistently realized.The nurse supervisor must provider leadership and confidence to try to guide her staff in utilizing available resources to achieve the goal of optimal patient care and outcomes. Promoting Interdisciplinary Care To promote interdisciplinary care the nurse supervisor must find a way to engage her staff in the concepts of team building and how to utilize each member of the healthcare team and the unique contributions that they bring to patient care. One effective way that I have experienced this personally is with team building exercises. In the clinic where I work as a registered nurse we have weekly team building exercises.These exercises provide a regular opportunity to further get to know one’s co-workers outside of the daily rigors of patient care. At my current job I have participated in races, games and scavenger hunts, among other activities. These activities bring an element of fun and stress relief to what might otherwise be another mundane meeting, while at the same time promoting team cohesiveness and friendship. I would recommend that the nurse supervisor provide time in the weekly or monthly schedule for her healthcare teams to meet together to discuss and participate in team building exercises.Setting aside time for all of the staff in the clinic to meet come together and engage in team building activities will help improve cohesion of the staff , improve communication and help to build comradery. Professional Roles Another technique that the nurse supervisor can use to promote the advantages of interdisciplinary care is to discuss with and demonstrate to her staff how team based healthcare achieves better patient outcomes. The nurse supervisor can present case studies during team meetings and ask staff to problem solve how different members of the team can be utilized to address the patients’ needs.These types of exercises can be used to remind staff of the resources that are available to them in the clinic. All the members of the team, from the nutritionist to the 3 social worker, bring their talents and strengths to the table. Being able to help staff recognize the value in utilizing their fellow team members and to appreciate what those team members offer in the way of enhancing patient care is vitally important. Another approach to try in engaging Ms. W in interdislipnary care is to spend some time mentoring her . The nurse supervisor can set aside time dedicated to coaching Ms.W regarding the benefits of a team-based approach to patient care and how to implement this concept in her own practice. Some of the benefits of interdisciplinary care include improved patient health outcomes and overall patient satisfaction in the quality of the healthcare received (Mitchell, Hall & Gaines, 2012). One way she could mentor Ms. W is to shadow her in some of her appointments and provide support and guidance to her as she learns how to utilize the resources available at the clinic. The nurse supervisor could also involve Ms.W’s colleagues by having her shadow another provider and observe a few appointments where the provider utilizes the other team members and to provide concrete examples of how this practice benefits the patient. It is important that the nurse supervisor address these issues with Ms. W in a caring and supportive fashion with the intention of improving the quality of healthcare a nd continuity of care that each patient receives. Professional Roles Delegation and Teamwork To promote delegation and teamwork within the clinic, the nurse supervisor must ensure 4 hat her staff recognizes how vitally important these are to the patient care that they provide. The nurse supervisor needs to promote these practices in the functioning of the clinic every day. Weekly staff meetings are a place where everyone can come together and discuss what did and did not work well in the clinic for that particular week. This is one way to increase communication between staff members. Fostering open communication and providing an environment where everyone’s voice can be heard is very important during these meetings and could be considered one of the major responsibilities of the nurse supervisor.When employees can begin to appreciate the benefits of an interdisciplinary approach and can recognize the potential of such an approach for improving patient outcomes then it will be natural that they would want to continue using this approach. A nurse supervisor must be present to answer staff questions and to help guide them in this process while taking advantage of opportunities to help staff recognize that the interdisciplinary approach is improving patient care. When the nurse supervisor approaches Ms. W regarding delegation and team work, it is important that she utilizes the concepts mentioned above.The nurse supervisor can begin the conversation by recognizing and affirming the difficulties that Ms. W must be having with trying to provide healthcare for Ms. R, who presents with many barriers to care. Inquire of Ms. W what she sees as the barriers that Ms. R has to being compliant with her plan of care. Problem solve with Ms. W in a supportive and open-minded manner regarding various resources the clinic has available to help this patient. Arrange to have a clinic meeting with the other members of the staff and discuss Ms. R’s circumstances and ha ve each team member discuss what they bring to the table to help this patient.It is important that the nurse supervisor try to help Ms. W Professional Roles understand that there is support available to help her care for Ms. R and that acknowledging and utilizing the other team members in the clinic will not only help lessen the load on Ms. W, but will also provide more comprehensive care to Ms. R. Responsibility Ms. W has a responsibility to understand that when she delegates tasks to other staff in the clinic that she is doing so appropriately and safely. When Ms. W delegates any form of the patient’s care it is important that Ms.W recognize that she is legally responsible to ensure that the person that she delegated the task to is competent. Ms. W must make sure that she is delegating the right task, under the right circumstances, to the right person under the right directions with the right supervision (Anthony & Vidal, 2010). It is important that Ms. W consider the finan cial implications of delegation and whether she is being a good steward of clinic resources (Weydt, 2010). A nurse needs to be aware of the cost of services and supplies and to always strive to not be wasteful with healthcare resources.One way a nurse does this is through delegating work to a qualified staff member who can safely do the task and still achieve desired patient outcomes (Weydt, 2010). It is very important to recognize that there are limited healthcare resources and the nurse must be able to efficiently coordinate patient care in an effective and responsible way that maximizes patient outcomes (Weydt, 2010). Trust and open communication are the landmarks of all good relationships and it is no different in a professional relationship. Open communication and trust are vitally important for Ms. W and the staff to have to be able to work effectively as a team.The nurse and the 5 supporting staff must work together and have respect for and trust in each other and what unique contributions that they bring to the patient’s care. Professional Roles To properly delegate the right task to the appropriate supportive staff, Ms. W must consider if the person that she is delegating to is qualified and has the appropriate skill set to perform the task. It is important that Ms. W consider whether the task requires any nursing judgment, assessment, or licensure to be safely carried out, as these kinds of tasks cannot be 6 delegated to supportive staff (Weydt, 2010). Ms.W must be able to trust and have confidence in the skills of the supportive staff (Weydt, 2010). Different resources that Ms. W can use in the clinic to help with the delegation process is to ask to see the job descriptions of supportive staff to see if the task she is asking the staff member to perform fits in the job description. She can also accompany the support staff when they are helping patients to ensure that she is comfortable with their skills. She can also look up her nurse practic e act of her state and review the legal and ethical implications of delegation to ensure she is upholding the standards.Ms. W must ensure that the care she is delegating to another team member is under the right circumstances. It is imperative that Ms. W consider the current circumstances that the patient is in. Ms. W must assess the patient’s current health situation and then decide if it is safe, appropriate, a good use of clinic resources and in the patient’s best interest to delegate a task to a supportive staff (Weydt, 2010). To delegate to the right person Mrs. W must consider the qualifications of the supportive staff that she is delegating to. Points that Ms.W must consider include the job description, experience, years of practice and competency of supportive staff (Weydt, 2010). If the supportive staff is inexperienced or has not proven that he or she can safely perform the assigned task then Ms. W should not delegate as it would not be safe. When Ms. W does deem that the task that she would like the supportive staff to do is safe she must also provide adequate supervision. Ms. W must be available and accessible to support staff that she delegates to in case there are any issues that may come up (Weydt, 2010). Ms. W must continueProfessional Roles to assess the patient’s response to care provided by supportive staff and be prepared to intervene appropriately if needed. Ms. W must consider and implement the principles mentioned above if she is to delegate patient care to supportive staff in a safe, effective and appropriate manner. Referrals. Ms. W needs to also take into account the above principles when making referrals to other health care providers. When making referrals, Ms. W must ensure that she is referring to a provider that has the skills and appropriate experience to care for Ms.R’s needs (Maji, 2009). Ms. W will need to consider what care that the patient needs from the referral to another health care provider a nd then monitor Ms. W’s response to the treatment. It is Ms. W’s responsibility to ensure that she is following Ms. R closely and to ensure that she is benefiting 7 medically from being referred outside of clinic (Maji, 2009). It is Ms. W’s ultimate responsibility to provide safe and competent care to the patient and delegating or making referrals is never something to be taken lightly; it must be done in a safe and effective manner. Resources.As a nursing supervisor it is imperative to support providers and staff with learning resources that are available to find out more information that will aid them in their jobs. Ms. W would benefit from going to her state board of nursing to find out more information regarding delegation. Another readily-available resource is the American Nursing Association’s website, which contains articles regarding delegation and how to implement it into her practice. Every state also has a Nurse Practice Act and Ms. W should be very familiar with and quite capable of following the standards put forth by this act.Delegation opportunities. In the assigned case study there were many support staff that Ms. W could utilize to provide optimal patient care. Ms. R has many barriers to care that make it more difficult for her to be compliant with her plan of care. Ms. R is a Latina and would benefit greatly from having someone communicate with her who is familiar with her culture. It would Professional Roles 8 benefit Ms. R to work with the Latina social worker on staff at the clinic to help this patient with transportation issues and also to help find additional resources in the community that could help this patient once the baby is born.As the patient is not responding when Ms. W is speaking with her, it must be considered that this patient does not understand English very well and possibly cannot read English. As the patient is developmentally delayed it may be more difficult for this patient to have a full un derstanding of her plan of care and be able to follow her provider’s recommendations. Again, Ms. W would be wise in utilizing the Latina social worker who can speak Spanish and also write detailed instructions in Spanish.In order to help this patient prepare for labor, delivery and postpartum care, Ms. W can have the LVN on staff with training in labor and delivery, prenatal care, parenting and infant care to aid this patient in preparing for the birth and infant care of her baby. In providing continued care and support for this patient, the nurse who specializes in community health nursing would be ideal to work with this patient in ensuring that she is taking advantage of any community resources that are available to help this patient and her newborn infant.It would be important to ensure this patient has an understanding of how to properly care for herself and her baby since she is developmentally delayed. Utilizing all support staff and the different services that they of fer can ensure that this patient is receiving culturally appropriate, comprehensive, and excellent interdisciplinary care. Professional Roles References Anthony, M. , & Vidal, K. (2010). Mindful communication: a novel approach to improving delegation and improve patient care. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 20(2), Retrieved from 9 http://www. ursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJI N/TableofContents/Vol152010/No2May2010/Mindful-Communication-andDelegation. html Maji, A. (2009, June 30). Referrals, consultations & collaboration in nursing care. Retrieved from http://voices. yahoo. com/referrals-consultations-collaboration-nursing-care3665053. html? cat=4 Mitchell, P. , Hall, L. , & Gaines, M. (2012). A social compact for advancing team based highvalue healthcare. Health Affairs Blog, Retrieved from http://healthaffairs. org/blog/2012/05/04/a-social-compact-for-advancing-team-